????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? Pica ?? ????? ??????

Development of object permanence in food-storing magpies (Pica pica).

The development of object permanence was investigated in black-billed magpies (Pica pica), a food-storing passerine bird. The authors tested the hypothesis that food-storing development should be correlated with object-permanence development and that specific stages of object permanence should be achieved before magpies become independent. As predicted, Piagetian Stages 4 and 5 were reached bef...

The PICA Catalogue System

Pica, constipation and cardiorespiratory arrest.

Mourato Nunes I, et al. BMJ Case Rep 2017. doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-221066 Description Pica is an eating disorder typically defined as the persistent ingestion of non-nutritive substances, for at least 1 month, at an age of which this behaviour is inappropriate. It may be benign or may have life-threatening consequences. 2 The clinical presentation is highly variable and is associated with the spec...

Pica Disorders: Are Dentists Aware

Mortality associated with avian reovirus infection in a free-living magpie (Pica pica) in Great Britain

BACKGROUND Avian reoviruses (ARVs) cause a range of disease presentations in domestic, captive and free-living bird species. ARVs have been reported as a cause of significant disease and mortality in free-living corvid species in North America and continental Europe. Until this report, there have been no confirmed cases of ARV-associated disease in British wild birds. CASE PRESENTATION Sporad...

Reduced immunocompetence of nestlings in replacement clutches of the European magpie (Pica pica)

Laying date is one of the most important determinants of reproductive success and recruitment probability in birds. Late breeders usually £edge fewer chicks than individuals with earlier breeding dates, and £edglings produced late in the season have high mortality rates. Food availability and nestling mass have been evoked as the principal mechanistic links between laying date and o¡spring surv...